While ordering fasteners, various standers are required to be specified in purchase order to get desired product and quality. Important standards used to specify technical supply conditions, strength of fastener / material, type of threads and product specification and dimensions are listed in this article. As technical supply conditions and material are inter linked, they are grouped together. In addition to international standard ISO (International Organization for Standardization), various countries have their own standards.
India - IS (Indian Standard – Bureau of Indian Standards)
UK - BS (British Standards)
USA - ANSI (The American National Standards Institute)
Germany - DIN (Deutsches Institut fur Normung) is the German standards group.
Hard copies of standards are very expensive. You can get information on them in a large library, a large process / manufacturing company or from a fastener manufacturer. List of important ISO standards, Indian standards (IS), and other international standards is as under.
Technical supply conditions and strength of fastener / materials
ISO Standards
Note:
For some standards equivalent / identical IS standard number is shown in bracket.
ISO 225: Fasteners — Bolts, screws, studs and nuts — Symbols and designations of dimensions (IS 8536).
ISO 1891: Bolts, screws, nuts and accessories — Terminology and nomenclature (IS 8535)
ISO 8992: Fasteners — General requirements for bolts, screws, studs and nuts (IS 1367 part 1)
ISO 4759: Tolerances for fasteners — Part 1: Bolts, screws, studs and nuts — Product grades A, B and C (IS 1367 part 2)
ISO 898: Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel.
Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs (IS 1367 part 3)
Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load values — Coarse thread
Part 5: Set screws and similar threaded fasteners not under tensile stresses
Part 6: Nuts with specified proof load values — Fine pitch thread
Part 7: Torsional test and minimum torques for bolts and screws with nominal diameters 1 mm to 10 mm
ISO 3506: Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners (IS 1367 part 14)
Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs
Part 2: Nuts
Part 3: Set screws and similar fasteners not under tensile stress
ISO 6157: Fasteners — Surface discontinuities
Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs for general requirements (IS 1367, part 9, sec.1).
Part 2: Nuts.
Part 3: Bolts, screws and studs for special requirements (IS 1367, part 9, sec.2).
ISO 888: Bolts, screws and studs — Nominal lengths, and thread lengths for general purpose bolts (IS 4206).
ISO 4753: Fasteners — Ends of parts with external ISO metric thread (IS 1368).
ISO 4042: Fasteners — Electroplated coatings (IS 1367 part 11)
ISO 3269: Fasteners — Acceptance inspection (IS 1367, part 17).
ISO 8839: Mechanical properties of fasteners — Bolts, screws, studs and nuts made of non-ferrous metals
ISO 885: General purpose bolts and screws — metric series — radii under the head (IS 4172)
IS Standards
IS 8535: Bolts, screws, nuts and accessories – Terminology and nomenclature
IS 8536: Fasteners – Bolts, screws, studs and nuts – Symbols and designation of dimensions
IS 1367: Technical supply conditions for threaded steel fasteners
Part 1: General Requirements for Bolts, Screws and Studs
Part 2: Tolerances for Fasteners – Bolts, Screws, Studs and Nuts – Product Grades A, B and C
Part 3: Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Made of Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel – Bolts, Screws and Studs
Part 5: Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Made of Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel – Set Screws and Similar Threaded Fasteners not Under Tensile Stresses
Part 6: Mechanical Properties and Test Methods for Nuts with Specified Proof Loads
Part VII: Mechanical properties and test methods for nuts without specified proof loads
Part 8: Prevailing Torque Type Steel Hexagon Nuts – Mechanical and Performance Properties
Part 9: Surface discontinuities: Section 1 Bolts, screws and studs for general applications
Part 9: Surface discontinuities: Section 2 Bolts, screws and studs for special applications
Part 10: Surface Discontinuities – Nuts
Part 11: Electroplated Coatings
Part XII: Phosphate Coatings on Threaded Fasteners
Part XIII: Hot-dip galvanized coatings on threaded fasteners
Part 14: Stainless Steel Threaded Fasteners
Part 14: Mechanical Properties of Corrosion-Resistant Stainless-Steel Fasteners – Section 1: Bolts, Screws and Studs
Part 14: Mechanical Properties of Corrosion-resistant Stainless-steel Fasteners – Section 2: Nuts
Part 14: Mechanical Properties of Corrosion-resistant Stainless-steel Fasteners – Section 3: Set Screws and Similar Fasteners not Under Tensile Stress
Part 16: Designation System for Fasteners
Part 17: Inspection, Sampling and Acceptance Procedure
Part 18: Packaging
Part 19: Axial load fatigue testing of bolts, screws and studs
Part 20: Torsional Test and Minimum Torques for Bolts and Screws with Nominal Diameters 1 mm to 10 mm
IS 13096: Fasteners – Hexagon Nuts with Specified Proof Load Values – Fine Pitch Thread – Mechanical Properties
IS 1368: Dimensions for ends of parts with external ISO metric threads
IS 4206: Dimensions for nominal lengths and thread lengths for bolts, screws and studs
IS 1821: Dimensions for clearance holes for bolts and screws
IS 2614: Methods for sampling of fasteners
IS 4172: General Purpose Bolts and Screws – Metric Series – Radii under the head
ANSI Standards
ASME Specifications:
SA-193/SA-193M: Specification for alloy-steel and stainless steel bolting material for high-temperature service.
SA-194/SA-194M: Specification for carbon and alloy steel nuts for bolts for high-pressure or high-temperature service, or both
SA-307: Specification for carbon steel bolts and studs, 60000 PSI tensile strength.
SA-320/SA-320M: Specification for alloy steel bolting material for low-temperature service.
SA-325: Specification for structural bolts, steel, heat treated, 120 / 105 ksi minimum tensile strength.
SA-354: Specification for quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts, studs, and other externally threaded fasteners.
SA-437/SA-437M: Specification for alloy-steel turbine-type bolting material specially heat treated for high-temperature service.
SA-449: Specification for quenched and tempered steel bolts and studs.
SA-453/SA-453M: Specification for high-temperature bolting materials with expansion coefficients comparable to austenitic steels.
SA-540/SA540M: Specification for alloy-steel bolting materials for special applications.
SA-563: Specification for carbon and alloy steel nuts.
SA-574: Specification for alloy steel socket-head screws.
SA-962/SA-962M: Specification for common requirements for steel fasteners or fastener materials, or both, intended for use at any temperature from cryogenic to the creep range.
SF-568: Specification for carbon and alloy steel externally threaded metric fasteners.
ASTM Specifications:
ASTM A 490: Specification for heat-treated, steel structural bolts 150 ksi (1035 MPa) tensile strength.
ASTM A 490M: Specification for high-strength steel bolts, classes 10.9 and 10.9.3 for structural steel joints (metric).
ASTM F 594: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Nuts
ASTM F 837: Standard specification for stainless steel socket head cap screws
ASTM F 835: Standard specification for alloy steel socket button and flat countersunk head cap screws
ASTM F 879: Standard specification for stainless steel socket button and flat countersunk head cap screws
ASTM F 912: Standard specification for alloy steel socket set screws
ASTM F 880: Standard specification for stainless steel socket-set screws
ASTM F 880M: Standard specification for stainless steel socket set screws (metric)
ASTM F788 / F788M: Specification for surface discontinuities in bolts, screws and studs.
ASTM F812 / F812M: Specification for surface discontinuities in nuts.
ASTM F 606: Test methods for determining the mechanical properties of externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers, and rivets.
ASTM A 153: Specification for zinc coating (Hot-Dip) on iron and steel hardware.
ASTM A 165: Specification for electrodeposited coatings of cadmium on steel.
ASTM B 633: Specification for electrodeposited coatings of zinc on iron and steel.
ASTM B 695: Specification for coatings of zinc mechanically deposited on iron and steel.
ASTM B 696: Specification for coatings of cadmium mechanically deposited on iron and steel.
SAE Specifications:
SAE J429: Mechanical and material requirements for externally threaded fasteners.
SAE J995: Mechanical and material requirements for steel nuts.
Type of Threads
Thread standards are by their very nature complex documents and unless you are working in a standards room or are a manufacturer of tooling etc. contain large amounts of data irrelevant to maintenance engineers. While ordering fasteners, type of thread and thread tolerances standards must be mentioned in fastener specification. Tolerances are mainly for quality, mass production & interchangeability.
ISO Standards
ISO 261: ISO general purpose metric screw threads — general plan (IS 4218, part 2).
ISO 262: ISO general purpose metric screw threads — selected sizes for screws, bolts and nuts.
ISO 3508: Thread run-outs for fasteners with thread in accordance with ISO 261 and ISO 262 (IS 1369, part 1).
ISO 965: ISO general-purpose metric screw threads – Tolerances (IS 14962)
Part 1: Principles and basic data.
Part 2: Limits of sizes for general purpose external and internal screw threads — medium quality.
Part 3: Deviations for constructional screw threads.
Part 4: Limits of sizes for hot-dip galvanized external screw threads to mate with internal screw threads tapped with tolerance position H or G after galvanizing.
Part 5: Limits of sizes for internal screw threads to mate with hot-dip galvanized external screw threads with maximum size of tolerance position h before galvanizing.
IS Standards
IS 4218: ISO General Purpose Metric Screw Threads
Part 1: Basic and Design Profiles.
Part 2: General Plan.
Part 3: Basic Dimensions.
Part 4: Selected Sizes for Screws, Bolts and Nuts.
IS 1369: Fasteners – Thread Run-Outs and Undercuts
Part 1: Dimensions for screw thread run-outs for external ISO metric threads
Part 2: Dimensions for screw thread undercuts for external ISO metric threads
Part 3: Dimensions for screw thread run-outs and undercuts for internal threads (Blind Tapped Holes).
IS 14962: ISO General Purpose Metric Screw Therads – Tolerances –
Part 1 : Principle and Basic Data
Part 2: Limits of Sizes for General Purpose External and Internal Screw Threads – Medium Quality
Part 3: Deviations for Constructional Screw Threads
Part 4: Limits of Sizes for Hot-Dip Galvanized External Screw Threads to Mate with Intenal Screw Threads Tapped with Tolerance Position H or G after Galvanizing
Part 5: Limits of Sizes for Internal Screw Threads to Mate with Hot-Dip Galvanized External Screw Threads with Maximum Size of Toleracnce Position h before Galvanizing
ANSI Standards
ANSI B1.1: Unified screw threads. (UNC / UNF).
ANSI B1.13M: Metric screw threads-M Profile.
BS Standards
BS 84: Parallel screw threads of Whitworth form. Requirements. (BSW, BSF, BA).
BS 1580: Unified screw threads. (UNC / UNF).
BS 1580-1: Screw threads with diameters ¼ in and larger. – Requirements.
BS 1580-3: Screw threads with diameters below ¼ in. – Requirements.
Standards for Product Specification and Dimensions
As there are many types of fasteners, it is not possible to give list of standards for all fasteners. List is given for commonly used fasteners for maintenance and erection. Common fasteners and their equivalent standard numbers are as under.
| Products | Equivalent Standards | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IS | ISO | ANSI | DIN | BS | |
| Hexagon head bolts, screws and nuts |
1363 1364 14894 13722 to 13726 6639 |
4014 to 4018 8676 8765 4032 to 4036 8673 to 8675 |
B 18.2.1 B 18.2.2 B 18.2.3.– B 18.2.4.– |
931 933 934 |
1083 1768 |
| Socket head cap screws | 2269 | 4762 |
B 18.3 B 18.3.1M |
912 | 4168-1 |
| Socket countersunk head screws | 6761 | 10642 |
B 18.3 B 18.3.5M |
7991 | 4168-8 |
| Socket set screws | 6094 |
4026 4027 4028 4029 |
B 18.3 B 18.3.6M |
913 914 915 916 |
4168-2 4168-3 4168-4 4168-5 |
| High strength structural bolts, nuts and washers |
3757 6623 6649 |
B 18.2.3.7M B 18.2.4.6M |
6914 6915 6916 |
4395 | |
| Studs | 1862 | ||||
ISO Standards
4014: Hexagon head bolts — Product grades A and B
4015: Hexagon head bolts — Product grade B — Reduced shank (shank diameter approximately equal to pitch diameter)
4016: Hexagon head bolts — Product grade C
4017: Hexagon head screws — Product grades A and B
4018: Hexagon head screws — Product grade C
8676: Hexagon head screws with metric fine pitch thread — Product grades A and B
8765: Hexagon head bolts with metric fine pitch thread — Product grades A and B
4032: Hexagon nuts, style 1 — Product grades A and B
4033: Hexagon nuts, style 2 — Product grades A and B
4034: Hexagon nuts — Product grade C
4035: Hexagon thin nuts (chamfered) — Product grades A and B
4036: Hexagon thin nuts (unchamfered) — Product grade B
8673: Hexagon nuts, style 1, with metric fine pitch thread — Product grades A and B
8674: Hexagon nuts, style 2, with metric fine pitch thread — Product grades A and B
8675: Hexagon thin nuts (chamfered) with metric fine pitch thread — Product grades A and B
4762: Hexagon socket head cap screws
10642: Hexagon socket countersunk head screws
4026: Hexagon socket set screws with flat point
4027: Hexagon socket set screws with cone point
4028: Hexagon socket set screws with dog point
4029: Hexagon socket set screws with cup point
IS Standards
1363: Hexagon Head Bolts, Screws and Nuts of Product Grade `C'.
Part 1: Hexagon Head Bolts (Size Range M 5 to M 64) – is identical with ISO 4016.
Part 2 : Hexagon Head Screws (Size Range M 5 to M 64) – is identical with ISO 4018.
Part 3 : Hexagon Nuts (Size Range M 5 to M 64) – is identical with ISO 4034.
1364: Hexagon Head Bolts, Screws and Nuts of Product Grades A and B.
Part 1 : Hexagon Head Bolts (Size Range M 1.6 to M 64) – is identical with ISO 4014.
Part 2 : Hexagon Head Screws (Size Range M 1.6 to M 64) – is identical with ISO 4017.
Part 3 : Hexagon Nuts, Style 1 (Size Range M 1.6 to M 64) – is identical with ISO 4032.
Part 4 : Hexagon Thin Nuts (Chamfered) (Size Range M1.6 to M64) – is identical with ISO 4035.
Part 5 : Hexagon Thin Nuts – Product Grade B (Unchamfered) (Size Range M 1.6 to M 10) – is identical with ISO 4036
Part 6 : Hexagon Nuts, Style 2 – is identical with ISO 4033
2269: Hexagon Socket Head Cap Screws
6761: Fasteners – Countersunk Head Screws with Hexagon Socket – Specification
6094: Specification for Hexagon Socket Set Screws
14894: Fasteners – Hexagon Head Bolts of Product Grade B – Reduced Shank (Shank Diameter Pitch Diameter) – Specification
13722: Hexagon Nuts, Style 1, with Metric Fine Pitch Thread – Product Grades A and B – is identical with ISO 8673
13723: Hexagon Nuts Style 2 with Metric Fine Pitch Thread – Product Grades A and B – is identical with ISO 8674
13724: Hexagon Thin Nuts (Chamfered) with Metric Fine Pitch Thread – Product Grades A and B – is identical with ISO 8675
13725: Hexagon Head Screws with Metric Fine Pitch Thread – Product Grades A and B – is identical with ISO 8676
13726: Hexagon Head Bolts with Metric Fine Pitch Thread – Product Grades A and B – is identical with ISO 8765
6639: Hexagon Head Bolts for General Steel Structures – Specification
3757: Specification for High Strength Structural Bolts
6623: High Strength Structural Nuts – Specification
6649: Specification for Hardened and Tempered Washers for High Strength Structural Bolts and Nuts
1862: Specification for Studs
ANSI Standards
B 18.2.1: Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Inch Series
B 18.2.2: Square and Hex Nuts
B 18.2.3.1M: Metric Hex Cap Screws
B 18.2.3.3M: Metric Heavy Hex Screws
B 18.2.3.5M: Metric Hex Bolts
B 18.2.3.6M: Metric Heavy Hex Bolts
B 18.2.4.1M: Metric Hex Nuts, Style 1
B 18.2.4.2M: Metric Hex Nuts, Style 2
B 18.2.4.6M: Metric Heavy Hex Nuts
B 18.3: Socket Cap, Shoulder, and Set Screws, Hex and Spline Keys (Inch Series)
B 18.3.1M: Socket Head Cap Screws (Metric Series)
B 18.3.5M: Hexagon Socket Flat Countersunk Head Cap Screws (Metric Series)
B 18.3.6M: Socket Set Screws (Metric Series)
